Vitiligo

What is Vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder where the skin loses its natural pigment, resulting in contrasting white patches that can appear anywhere on the body. It affects people of all skin types and ages, though it is more noticeable in individuals with darker skin tones.
Causes
The exact cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an autoimmune condition. This means that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the melanocytes—cells responsible for producing skin pigment. Other potential factors include:
Genetic Predisposition: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune diseases can increase risk.
Skin Trauma: Physical injury or sunburn might trigger vitiligo in some cases.
Stress: Emotional or physical stress might contribute to the onset or worsening of the condition.
Chemical Exposure: Contact with certain chemicals or substances can sometimes lead to vitiligo.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of vitiligo is the appearance of light or white patches on the skin. These patches can:
Develop Gradually: The white patches may slowly spread over time.
Vary in Size: They can be small or large and may merge into larger areas.
Appear Anywhere: Common areas include the hands, feet, arms, face, and genital regions.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing vitiligo typically involves:
Physical Examination: A dermatologist examines the skin to identify the characteristic white patches.
Medical History: Information about family history, any recent skin trauma, or other symptoms is gathered.
Skin Biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of skin may be taken for laboratory analysis to confirm the diagnosis.
Blood Tests: These may be used to check for underlying autoimmune conditions.