Nail Diseases

Nail diseases, also known as onychopathies, are conditions that affect the nails, often indicating underlying health problems or infections. The health of nails can reflect both localized issues as well as systemic health conditions. These diseases can affect the nails on both fingers and toes, and they may cause discomfort, pain, or cosmetic concerns. Understanding the types of nail diseases, their causes, and treatments can help in maintaining overall nail health.
Common Nail Diseases
Onychomycosis (Fungal Nail Infection):
Cause: A fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds.
Symptoms: Thickened nails, discoloration (yellow, brown, or white), brittle or crumbly nails, and possible nail separation from the nail bed (onycholysis).
Treatment: Antifungal treatments such as topical creams or oral medications. In severe cases, the nail may need to be removed.
Paronychia (Nail Bed Infection):
Cause: Bacterial or fungal infection, often caused by trauma to the nail (biting, cutting too close to the nail bed).
Symptoms: Redness, swelling, and pain around the nail fold, pus formation in severe cases.
Treatment: Warm soaks, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and antifungals for fungal infections. Drainage may be necessary if there’s pus accumulation.
When to See a Doctor
It's important to seek medical advice if you notice:
1. Sudden changes in the appearance, shape, or color of your nails.
2. Pain, swelling, or discharge around the nails.
3. Persistent nail issues that do not improve with over-the-counter treatments.
4. Any signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, or pus.