Pimple/Acne

Acne, commonly known as pimples, is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. It manifests as pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes cysts or nodules on the face, back, chest, and shoulders. While it is most common during adolescence, acne can affect people of all ages.
Causes of Acne
Excess Oil Production: The sebaceous glands produce excess oil, which can clog pores and lead to the formation of pimples.
Clogged Hair Follicles: Dead skin cells may not shed properly and can mix with oil, clogging the follicles.
Bacteria: The bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) can multiply in clogged follicles, leading to inflammation and infection.
Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can increase oil production and lead to breakouts.
Diet: Foods high in refined sugars, dairy, and fast food can sometimes contribute to acne flare-ups.
Stress: Stress doesn't directly cause acne, but it can make it worse by increasing hormone production.
Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or birth control pills, can trigger or worsen acne.
Types of Acne
Whiteheads: Small bumps with white tops, caused by clogged pores that are covered by a thin layer of skin.
Blackheads: Open clogged pores that turn black when exposed to air due to oxidation.
Papules: Small, red, inflamed bumps that occur when the walls surrounding the pores break down.
Pustules: Pimples with pus at their tips, usually caused by a bacterial infection.
Nodules: Large, painful lumps beneath the skin’s surface caused by clogged, swollen pores.
Cysts: Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin that can cause scarring and are often severe.